Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association between opium consumption and the risk of diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN) among male participants aged 35 to 70 years in the Tabari Cohort Study (TCS).
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: This study examined male participants from the Tabari Cohort Study. Blood samples were collected after a 12-hour fasting period. Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes (DM) were defined based on blood pressure measurements, history of diagnosis, and use of antihypertensive or glucose-lowering medications. Data analysis was performed using Chi-squared and independent t-tests. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders.
Results: The study examined 4149 male participants, with mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) of 110.34 ±33.89 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 115.70 ±13.60 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 73.87 ±7.77 mm Hg. No significant difference was found in the frequency of HTN and DM among participants who consumed opium compared to those who did not (P=0.588 and P=0.705 respectively). However, FBS levels were significantly higher among opium users (110.77 ±34.14 vs. 107.73 ±21.19, P: 0.048). Multivariable regression analysis showed no significant change in the risk of developing HTN (odds ratio: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.35, P: 0.667) and DM (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.57, P: 0.116) among opium users.
Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate no significant difference in the likelihood of developing DM and HTN between opium users and non-users