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J Res Health Sci. 2024;24(4): e00629.
doi: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.164
  Abstract View: 31
  PDF Download: 12

Original Article

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and its Association With Pap Smear Findings Among Women Attending a Gynecology Clinic in Khorasan Razavi-Iran

Sareh Etemad 1 ORCID logo, Amir Mohammad Asghari Baghalan 1, Bita Naeimi 1, Shadi Mehrzad 1, Saina Adib Amin 1, Mohammad Soudyab 1, Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani 1* ORCID logo

1 Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani, Email: jafarzadeh@acecr.ac.ir, Email: drrezajafarzadeh@yahoo.com

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexual transmitted disease and Pap smears and HPV testing are crucial for early detection. Advancements in HPV testing improve accuracy, but optimal screening strategies are still debated. This cross-sectional study explores HPV genotypes and predictors of infection among Iranian women undergoing gynecological screening.

Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Women undergoing their initial cervical screening enrolled in this study. Cervical cytology samples for Pap smear analysis were collected from women referred to the genetic laboratory of Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi, during gynecological visits, adhering to standardized liquid-based cytology protocols. These samples were obtained over a one-year period since January 2023. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.0, with a significance level set at P<0.05.

Results: A total of 328 women enrolled in this study. The mean age of participants was 36±11 years and the overall HPV prevalence was 37.5% (n=123). Among HPV-positive women, nearly half (48.7%) had a single HPV genotype. Genotypes 6 (13%), 16 (12.3%), and 53 (6.7%) were the most prevalent types. Notably, high-risk HPV genotypes (16 and 18 among all) were identified in one-fourth of the study population. Women with endocervical/transformation zone cells had 25% higher odds of having HPV infection, and having mild, moderate, and severe inflammation increased the odds of having HPV infection by 14%, 11%, and 20%, respectively.

Conclusion: The considerably high prevalence of HPV infection highlights the significance of HPV prevention programs in this population. Neither bacterial vaginosis nor candida infection showed a direct link to HPV positivity.


Please cite this article as follows: Etemad S, Asghari Baghalan AM, Naeimi B, Mehrzad S, Adib Amin S, Soudyab M, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its association with Pap smear findings among women attending a gynecology clinic in Khorasan Razavi-Iran. J Res Health Sci. 2024; 24(4):e00629. doi:10.34172/jrhs.2024.164
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Submitted: 11 Jun 2024
Revision: 15 Aug 2024
Accepted: 05 Sep 2024
ePublished: 30 Sep 2024
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