Associations between Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Factors with Headache Symptom among Indonesian Adolescents based on the 5th Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5)

Abstract

Background: Headaches are common among children and adolescents, with more than half of adolescents reporting headache symptom worldwide. The number of migraine sufferers among adolescents has increased dramatically in the past decade. This has negatively influenced children and has been linked with emotional and behavioral problems

Methods: Data from the fifth Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), which was conducted between September 2014 and April 2015, were searched and gathered. The figures represent roughly 83% of the Indonesian population. We investigated the possible relationship between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors in adolescents with headaches.

Results: A total of 3605 participants (1875 females and 1730 males) aged 15 to 19 years with headache symptom were collected. Headache was highly associated with sleep disturbances (OR 1.99; 95% CI: 1.72, 2.30), depression (OR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.65, 2.28), and females (OR 1.72; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.98). Other factors contributing to a headache include poor/moderate sleep quality (OR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.45) and low income (OR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.48).

Conclusion: In Indonesian adolescents aged 15 to 19 with headaches, sleep disturbances showed the strongest association, followed by depression and females. Other factors like low socioeconomic status and poor/moderate sleep quality might be associated with headaches but lacking in clinical significance.