Abstract
Background: Despite the decrease in prevalence from 18.5% in 2013 to 12.3% in 2018, diarrhea presents a major public health challenge in Indonesia which leads to significant mortality. This study investigated factors influencing diarrhea among children under five years of age in underdeveloped regions of Indonesia, where disparities from other regions are significant.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: This study obtained datasets from National Basic Health Research conducted in 2018. Sixty underdeveloped regions of Indonesia, with a total of 9,243 children aged 0-59 months, were included. Chi-square, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine factors influencing diarrhea prevalence in children under five years of age.
Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that the child’s age at 12-23 months (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.48, 2.02) and 24-35 months (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.53), awareness of nearby hospital (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.86), and history of acute respiratory infection in the past month (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.66, 2.40) were associated with diarrhea in children under the age of five in underdeveloped regions of Indonesia. In contrast, the environmental factors analyzed further in the study were not significantly associated with the diarrhea prevalence in children under five years of age in underdeveloped regions of Indonesia.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that child’s age, child’s history of acute respiratory infection, and household awareness of nearby hospitals are critical factors to address in child’s diarrhea in underdeveloped regions of Indonesia.